Serums

Serums are lightweight leave-on skincare products containing ingredients selected for concerns such as dehydration, dullness, uneven-looking tone, blemishes or visible signs of ageing. Common options include hydrating serums with hyaluronic acid or glycerin, brightening formulas with vitamin C or niacinamide and stronger products containing exfoliating acids or retinoids. Apply serum after cleansing and before moisturiser, following the frequency stated for its active ingredients. Using several strong serums together can increase irritation without necessarily improving results, so introduce acids and retinoids gradually and use daily sun protection where appropriate. Persistent acne, pigmentation or irritation may require a dermatologist rather than a more complicated routine.